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[S95] Clifford Neal Smith, German Revolutionists of 1848: Among Whom Many Immigraded to America, (Name: Westland Publications; Location: McNeal, Arizona;).
Johann George (1824-1907) and Johann Gotthilf (1842-1931). Yes they were brothers although 19 years apart. This was a mystery for me for many years. Johann George defected from the Army during the Revolution of 1848. The Revolution being unsuccessful he fled to Switzerland and then immigrated to Syracuse on September 4, 1851. Actually the whole family fled to Switzerland and remained there for about four years before returning to Germany (Schramberg). There Johannn Gotthilf completed his education and then immigrated to Syracuse in 1863 to join his older brother as a cabinetmaker apprentice. He arrived in New York 26 May 1863 aboard the ship "Hansa" along with his future wife and sister of his sister-in law, Philippina Kreyss. Incidentally Johann George married Catherine Elizabeth Kreyss in 1856 in Syracuse.
[S97] Genealogy Summers-Landeck, (Location: Rootsweb; Date: http://worldconnect.rootsweb.ancestry.com;).
Served in the German Army for 4 years in the 4 Infantry Reginment. Saw action in the revolution of 1848-9. Diffected from the army and fled to Switzerland (Chur) as a political refugee.
"Revolt broke out in several principalities. In Prussia the unrest was put down quickly, but in the weaker states of southwestern Germany revolt was not so easily quelled. In the Grandduchy of Baden almost the entire army defected; the reigning Grand Duke went into hiding, and a revolutionary government was founded. After a number of months, Prussian troops entered the Grandduchy, and the revolutionists were forced to flee for their lives. The reaction which set in under the iron fist of the Prussians was especially harsh; many persons, particularly military personnel of Baden, were tried and executed for treason."